Comparing Themes in Charlotte and Ruth Hall Essay -- compare and contra

Sentimental or Social Themes in Charlotte and Ruth HallThe subject matter of archaean American women writers has been criticized in the past, but the messages these authors sent women and conjunction can non be denied. Susanna Rowson and tail Fern came from two different time periods in American history, but their impact on society is similar. In both cases, the women experienced great success as writers during their time. Their popularity shows how their messages were transferred to many people of their time. By exploring the themes of these novels, a better understanding of females in society can be gained. The themes of womanhood and the issues associated with being female in early America will be detailed through specific problems. The concerns that are revealed in Charlotte A Tale of Truth and Ruth Hall will deal with some universal issues like control, reason, emotion, reality, and the individuals role in those areas. char is defined in different ways in Charlotte and Ruth H all. Charlotte Temple and Ruth Hall were both vulnerable women in their respective ages. What is interesting is how severally woman deals with her circumstances. Charlotte depends on the help of those around her Ruth realizes those closest to her will not help. Ruth must fin for herself in order to survive Charlotte does not survive Does she not know how? With Charlotte, this question is relevant. She was young and accustomed to the care of others. Being alone in a new world was overwhelming to Charlotte morally. Yet, she in conclusion chooses passion over principle, which is her ultimate flaw as a woman. This leads to a series of events ending in her death. Womanhood, especially in Susanna Rowsons historical era, was something virtuous. However, Cha... ...eties were wide awake to dismiss feminine strength, but the power of their written words cannot be denied.Works CitedDavidson, Cathy N. Sentimental Novel. The Oxford Companion to Womens Writing in the United States. Eds. Cathy N. Davidson and Linda Wagner-Martin. NY Oxford UP, 1985.Fanny Fern. . 11 November 2000.Fergenson, Loraine. Susanna Haswell Rowson (1762-1824). . 10 November 2000.Fern, Fanny. Ruth Hall. Ed. Joyce W. Warren. London Rutgers UP, 1994.OHiggins, Harvey. The American Mind in Action. NY Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1924.Rowson, Susanna. Charlotte A Tale of Truth. 1791. The Norton Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Nina Baym. NY W.W. Norton & Co., 1999. 372-407.Warren, Joyce W. Fanny Fern. The Oxford Companion to Womens Writing in the United States. Eds. Cathy N. Davidson and Linda Wagner-Martin. NY Oxford UP, 1985.

osmosis :: essays research papers

Aim The aim of this experiment is to investigate the movement of irrigate into and break of plant stalls by osmosis. The cells chosen for study will be taken from potato tubes as they provide a ready supply of homogeneous material. I did the investigation in two parts, the first part of my investigation was my preliminary investigation and then I did my official investigation. In both of my investigations there are several similarities, much(prenominal) as fair testing, variables, key variables, reliability of evidence and safety precautions. In both of my investigation there were obviously some differences which were in the method, apparatus, results and means of measurement etc. Essential Background ReadingOsmosis is the diffusion of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a laid-back concentration of water to a low concentration of water.Movement of substances takes place through the cell membrane, which separates the different substances in the cell from its surroundings. This type of membrane allows small molecules such as water to pass through it, but it denies entry to large particles to pass. This membrane is called a partially permeable membrane. The amount of water inside a cell is called water potential.Turgor is the name given when osmosis takes place between the cytoplasm and the solution outside the cell. This happens when a plant cell is placed in a high concentrated solution of water, water then passes through the cell wall, the cell membrane, and the cytoplasm and into the vacuole. The increased pressure of water inside the vacuole is called Turgor pressure. Then the cell becomes turgid. Plasmolysis is the setback of turgor. This happens when plant cells may be placed in a less concentrated solution of water, although this is very unlikely to happen in nature. Water passes out of the vacuole, the cytoplasm, the cell membrane and the cell wall and into the solution outside the cell. The pressure of the vacuole on the c ytoplasm decreases until the cytoplasm pulls away from the cell wall. DiagramsI have illustrated the diagrams of turgor and Plasmolysis on a separate page.Fair TestingThis is when the result is only related to the variable being tested.For e.g. if there are six variables, five variables must be kept identically the same and only one is changed/tested to see how this affects the outcome. This is ensuring that this investigation shall only be testing one variable (Key Variable).

Economic Discrimination in Frank McCourts Angela’s Ashes Essay

Economic Discrimination in Frank McCourts Angelas AshesAs Jerome K. Jerome at one time said, It is easy enough to say that poverty is no crime. No if it were men wouldnt be ashamed of it. It is a blunder, though, and is punished as such. A poor man is despised the whole world over. This known quote describes the way poor people are discriminated against and despised around the world by those who are better off. In the novel Angelas Ashes, by Frank McCourt, the characters are greatly discriminated against by all different parts of society because of their poverty. This makes their constant struggle to survive even harder and prevents them from climbing to the next go in the social ladder. The poor are discriminated against and held down by the church, school, and their fellow impoverished neighbors, as well as the rest of the world around them to the prove where they often give up trying to get out of poverty all together. Shockingly, the place where the McCourts are most discrimi nated against is the one place where they should feel wanted, loved, and personify to those around them, the Catholic church building. Frank McCourt, the main character who was a young teenager at the time, had the door slammed in his face by the Catholic Church on at least two occasions because of his poverty. The first time he is turned down by the church, Franks quest is to get an altar boy. The priest declares that the church is not looking for every more altar boys. However, the real reason Frank is turned down is because of his poverty. Angela, Franks mother, is infuriated and exclaims, Ill tell you what it is, Tis class distinction. They dont want boys from lanes on the altar. They dont want the ones with scabby knees and hair sticking up. O... ...d them to the indicate where they often give up trying to get out of poverty all together. The church will not allow them to be in any sort of position in the church, namely altar boys or priests. The school holds them back by p utting them into filthy, run-down schools and teaching them very little composition drilling into their minds the fact that no matter how hard they try, they cannot succeed in life. Unfortunately, even their neighbors hold them back by discouraging them to try anything in articulate to succeed and making fun of their impoverishment. The discrimination that they face daily holds them back and eventually stops them from even trying to succeed and better their lives. As Jerome K. Jerome once explained, the poor will be discriminated against, snubbed and despised the world over. WORKS CITED McCourt, Frank. Angelas Ashes. New York Touchstone, 1999.

decriminilization of marijuana Essay -- legal cannabis

Every year our government spends more than nineteen billion dollars to eradicate its use in the linked States. About seventeen thousand people were arrested last year because of it. We spend twenty thousand dollars a year per inmate to hold these jailbirds captive. Who are these insecure criminals you ask? St oners.One argument against the decriminalization of marijuana is why would we want to introduce a nonher intoxicant into our society when alcohol and cigarette smoking is already so damaging? Marijuana is far less harmful to the body than cigarettes. Not to mention while it may be potentially habit forming, it is not addictive. When comparing marijuana to alcohol the differences are obvious. I would much rather be in an argument with guy that has been smoking joints all night than whatsoever dude who has spent all night pounding shots of tequila. Alcohol can alter a persons common sense. Despite this, our government trusts us with the burden of drinking responsibly. Over sev enteen thousand arrests are made regarding cannabis a year. Almost ninety percent of these arrests are for simple possession, not trafficking or sale. This is an unconnected use of valuable law enforcement resources that should be focused on more serious and violent crimes. I dont know about you, barely I would rather have a midnight toker for a neighbor than a midnight stalker. The spending of government money needs to be reevaluated. Our government needs to concur a step back and admit they were mistaken to think they could successfully discontinue the use of marijuana. You cannot have illegal what a significant segment of the nation in any society is committed to doing. You simply cannot arrest, prosecute, and punish such a large number of people, particularly in a democracy (Incardi 285). in conclusion it is not the role of the government to tell its adult citizens what risks to take. Bicycles kill ten thousand people a year and yet no one is proposing to make them illegal. There are benefits of legalizing marijuana, both for the government and society. One of these is that the marijuana market could be government run. The black market would be abolished, saving lives and redirecting the profits from the drug dealers Escalades new rims to the be... ...ortant. It is time we allow the many health benefits of marijuana to be utilized by those who need them. It is time we fool there are different cost effective, environment friendly and efficient ways of producing many of our most used products. All we can do is forecast our government comes to its senses soon.Works Cited PageBaxter, J.W. Growing Industrial Hemp In Ontario. 27 November 2004.http//www.gov.on.ca/OMAFRA/english/crops/facts/00-067.htm Gray, Judge James P. Why Our Drug Laws Have Failed and What We back Do About It. Philadelphia Temple UP, 2001.HempNation. 27 November 2004. http//hempnation.com/Incardi, James A Handbook of Drug Control in the United States. Westport Greenwood Press, 1990.Ma rijuana Fact and Fiction. 27 November 2004. http//marijuana.drug-culture.comNORML home(a) Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws. 27 November 2004. http//www.norml.org/ Scannel, Kate. Bushs Painful Obsession With Medicinal Pot. American Alliance for Medicinal Cannabis, The Oakland Tribune 27 November 2004.http//www.letfreedomgrow.com

womenhod Women in Darkness in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness :: Heart Darkness essays

Women in Heart of Darkness Women seem to be categorized into a separate group, serving as supplements to mens actions, characters and behavior. altogether of them seem to live in the realm of their own, built on the idealistic conception of the surrounding world, governed by fair rules and laws. The two women Marlow encounters in the Companys office knit black wool they represent the Fates who guard the door of Darkness (Hell and Destruction) and to the house in a city of dead. The black tinct may be associated with the Natives on whose destruction and exploitation the Company was based. Black is also equivalent to the Darkness into which Marlow descends (sin and death). The wool may signify the thread of life. Their mien is foreshadowed by the two black hens which decided about Freslevens doom. Marlows aunt is depicted with an underlying irony (a dear enthusiastic spirit) which points to an illusive existence of a white woman in her polish imagined world. She was ready to d o anything for Marlow in the name of a noble cause, that is, colonising the Blacks and implementing acculturation in the Darkness of Congo. She firmly believes her nephew to be the emissary of light, overlooking the dark level of exploiting the Natives for financial benefits (ivory). The painting of a woman who is blindfolded, carrying a illumine torch which Marlow admires signifies initial intentions of Kurtz and his beliefs before he was swallowed by the tempting Darkness. He was to have been an emissary of light but stay puted blindfolded and did not see the consequences jumper cable him to his self-destruction. The painting indicates the original, good nature of Kurtz, lost in the dark of the Congo. The native woman represents the whole Black community and the beauty of the wilderness, both of which were invaded by the civilised whites. She is the passionate reality, being savage and superb, wild-eyed and magnificent, reminding the whites of the Black heritage and their own culture (jewellery). The gesture of throwing her arms into the sky may symbolise a dumb outcry to God to restore the original Time when the land was not raided and there was peace and freedom (wild sorrow...dumb pain). The lack of voice communication which remain unsaid, only reiterates her appearance and the message sent by her behaviour. Kurtzs fiancee becomes contrasted with the native woman the Intended, as signified by the name, will remain the Intended, living with an idealistic image of her husband-to-be whom she unquestionably believed to be of impeccable character and behaviour.

womenhod Women in Darkness in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness :: Heart Darkness essays

Women in Heart of sin Women seem to be categorize into a separate group, serving as supplements to mens actions, characters and behavior. All of them seem to live in the realm of their avow, built on the idealistic conception of the surrounding world, governed by fair rules and laws. The two women Marlow encounters in the Companys office knit black wool they represent the Fates who guard the door of Darkness (Hell and Destruction) and to the house in a city of dead. The black colour may be associated with the Natives on whose destruction and exploitation the Company was based. Black is similarly equivalent to the Darkness into which Marlow descends (sin and death). The wool may signify the thread of life. Their appearance is foreshadowed by the two black hens which decided about Freslevens doom. Marlows auntie is depicted with an underlying irony (a dear enthusiastic soul) which points to an illusive existence of a white char in her civilised imagined world. She was devis e to do anything for Marlow in the name of a noble cause, that is, colonising the Blacks and implementing civilisation in the Darkness of Congo. She firmly believes her nephew to be the emissary of light, overlooking the unlighted level of exploiting the Natives for financial benefits (ivory). The painting of a woman who is blindfolded, carrying a lighted torch which Marlow admires signifies initial intentions of Kurtz and his beliefs before he was swallowed by the tempting Darkness. He was to need been an emissary of light but remained blindfolded and did non see the consequences leading him to his self-destruction. The painting indicates the original, good nature of Kurtz, lost in the dark of the Congo. The native woman represents the whole Black community and the beauty of the wilderness, both of which were invaded by the civilised whites. She is the passionate reality, being savage and superb, wild-eyed and magnificent, reminding the whites of the Black heritage and their own culture (jewellery). The gesture of throwing her arms into the sky may symbolise a dumb outcry to God to restore the original Time when the land was not raided and there was peace and freedom (wild sorrow...dumb pain). The lack of words which remain unsaid, only reiterates her appearance and the message sent by her behaviour. Kurtzs bride-to-be becomes contrasted with the native woman the Intended, as signified by the name, will remain the Intended, living with an idealistic image of her husband-to-be whom she unquestionably believed to be of impeccable character and behaviour.

Related literature on food carts Essay

Getting a food cart franchise package what argon the advantages? Why food cart Franchise? Potential franchisees sometimes wonder if franchising is a necessary process, and may ask why they couldnt simply boodle a line of products on their own. The findings of the government suggest that franchisees enjoy a significant competitive advantage over the stand-alone or single business operators. They showed a study that 88% of franchise companies which opened in the previous five social classs were still in business under the same possessor and only 4% of these businesses failed. Also, a survey in that same article showed 60% percent of all new businesses that started over a 10 year period dissolved within their first six years. The percentages of success may vary with the study and that there maybe another(prenominal) studies out there that still reach same conclusion most suggest that a franchised business have a higher chance of success than independent, start-alone businesses.Her e argon some of the advantages of having a diet cart franchise Food cart franchise are cheaper and have less lease or rent cost. Food cart franchise are transferable, since they can be moved easily or if the lieu is not profitable. Food cart franchise are clear to operate and manage.Food cart franchise requires one to two personnel only.Food cart franchise inescapably a small space/location so it is easier to find one. Food cart franchise are easy to maintain, lowering overhead costs. Food cart franchise are ideal for businesses offer limited products or dos. Food cart franchise can capture a wider market because location is along the walkways of malls and commercial centers. Expansion is easy since it needs less capital.Reasons contributing to this includeA food cart franchise is a copy or duplicate, if you may, of an already successful business. The true pass judgment of a food cart franchise is the experience, know-how, and the operation procedures that comes with it. In f ranchising, there is the value added advantage of brand name recognition. There are also leap out structure from the franchise company that the franchisee can take advantage of. A franchise avoids the costly trial-and-error periods that causes so many start-up businesses to fail and close up.http//franchisebusinessphilippines.com/why-food-cart-franchise-business/The belief of the Marketing Practices on small shops in South African townships i.) A complete paradigm shift in managerial thinking, in terms of service quality deliverance through the continual education and training of staff in fields such as node care, node satisfaction and customer service. ii.) The product offering needs to be more consistent and reliable, ensuring that an overall perception is created within the minds of consumers. Attention needs to be given to details (such as checking expiry dates) in delivering services and products. iii.) owners/managers need to spend more time building relationships with the ir customers.This will assist in receiving regular feedback from customers in terms of customer satisfaction. It helps to develop customer loyalty as customers enjoy personalized attention. Shops in Mdantsane should, therefore, be more sensitive to the unique needs of their customers. iv.) The pricing policy of the shops in Mdantsane should also be based on accepted accounting procedures and not only on intuition.Owners/managers of shops in Mdantsane indicated low levels of adoption of the marketing strategy concept. This suggests that an chance exists for these owners or managers to be educated on how to adopt marketing strategies that enhance profitability. Furthermore, grocery shop owners/managers also regarded price as the most important formula when applying the marketing strategy mix. This implies that grocery shops in Mdantsane compete primarily based on price. According to the study findings, these grocery shops also need to adopt the other 3 Ps of the marketing strategy, namely product, place and packaging in order to be more profitable. The owners/managers of grocery shops did, however, indicate that they lack the necessary bills to embark on extensive marketing practices.

Gay male culture Essay

American culture has focused much more heavily on brisk workforce than on former(a) members of the LGBT community. This may be due to larger numbers of men than women and it may also be due to gay men having more resources available to them to justify, seek and perform their sexuality. The western culture as a complaisant unit still sees men and manly experience as the central experience in culture, eventide if the men in question are transgressing established gender norms.Gay culture relies upon secret symbols and codes woven into an over alone straight context. The association of gay men with opera, ballet, professional sports, , musical theater, the Golden Age of Hollywood, and interior design began with wealthy homosexual men using the straight themes of these media to send their own signals. In the Marilyn Monroe charter Gentlemen Prefer Blondes, a musical filmfreakcentral. net number features a woman singing while muscled men in revealing costumes dance around her.The m ens costumes were designed by a man, the dance was choreographed by a man, and the dancers seem more interested in each early(a) than in the fe manly star, exactly her reassuring presence gets the sequence gone the censors and fits it into an overall heterocentric theme. Today gay male culture is publicly acknowledged. Celebrities such as Liza Minnelli spent topix. net a significant amount of their social time with urban gay men, who were now popularly cerebrationed as sophisticated and stylish by the jet set. Celebrities themselves were open about(predicate) their relationships.Gay men cant be identified by the way they look or what kind of music they like. at that place are gay men in every field and all sorts of fashions and music. Lesbian culture A lesbian is a woman who is romantically and sexually attracted only to other women. The history of lesbian culture over the last half-century has been linked to the evolution of feminism. Older stereotypes of lesbian women stress ed a dichotomy between women who adhered to stereotypical male gender stereotypes (butch) and stereotypical female gender stereotypes (femme), and that typical lesbian couples consisted of butch/femme couples.Today, some lesbian women adhere to being either butch or femme, but these categories are much less rigid and there is no express expectation that a lesbian couple be butch/femme. There is a sub-culture within the lesbian community called Aristasia, where lesbians in the community adhere to exaggerated levels of femininity. In this culture, there are two genders, blonde and brunette, although they are misre new-maded to actual hair color. Brunettes are femme, yet blondes are even more so. Also notable are diesel dykes, extremely butch women who use male forms of dress and behavior, and who often work as truck drivers.Lipstick lesbian refers to feminine women who are attracted only to other feminine women. Bisexual culture In modern western culture Bisexual mess are in the pe culiar situation of receiving hatred or distrust Lunde 1990 or even limitless denial of their existence from some elements of some(prenominal) the straight and lesbian and gay populations. There is of course some element of general anti-LGBT feeling, but some mountain insist that bisexual muckle are unsure of their true feelings, that they are experimenting or going through a phase and that they eventually will or should decide or discover which (singular) sex they are sexually attracted to.One popular misconception is that Lunde 1990 bisexuals find all humans sexually attractive. That is no truer than the idea that, say, all straight men would find all women sexually attractive. More people of all kinds are becoming aware that there are some people who find attractive sexual partners among both men and women sometimes equally, sometimes favoring one sex in particular . Distinctions exist between sexual orientation course (attraction, inclination, preference, or desire), gender identity (self-identification or self-concept) and sexual behavior (the sex of ones actual sexual partners).For example, someone who may find people of either sex attractive might in practice have relationships only with people of one particular sex. Many bisexual people cerebrate themselves to be part of the LGBT or Queer community Barris, 2007. In an effort to create both more visibility, and a symbol for the bisexual community to suffer behind, Michael Page created the bisexual pride flag. The bisexual flag, which has a pink or red stripe at the top for homosexuality, a blue one on the bottom for heterosexuality and a purple one in the middle to represent bisexuality, as purple is from the combination of red and blue Lunde 1990.Transgender culture The reputation of transgender culture is complicated by the many and various ways in which cultures deal with gender hrc. org. For example, in many cultures, people who are attracted to people of the very(prenominal) sex that is those who in contemporary westwardern culture would identify as gay, lesbian, or bisexual are classed as a third gender, together with people who would in the West be classified as transgender or homosexual.Also in the contemporary West, there are usually hrc.org several different groups of transgender and transsexual people, some of which are extremely exclusive, like groups only for transsexual women who explicitly want sex reassignment surgery or male, heterosexual only cross-dressers. Transmens groups are often, but not always, more inclusive. Groups aiming at all transgender people, both transmen and transwomen, have in to the highest degree cases appeared only in the last few years. Some transgender or transsexual women and men however do not classify as being part of any specific trans culture.However there is a bankers bill between transgender and transsexual people who make their past known to others . Some wish to live according to their gender identity and not reveal this past, stating that they should be able to live in their true gender role in a normal way, and be in control of whom they choose to tell their past to. Epistemology of the closet.The expression being in the closet is used to describe keeping secret ones sexual behavior or orientation, most normally homosexuality or bisexuality, but also including the gender identity of transgender and transsexual people branconolilas.no. sapo. pt. Being in the closet is more than being private, it is a tone-shaping plan of concealment where gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender individuals hide their sexuality/gender-identity in the most important areas of life, with family, friends, and at work. Individuals may marry or avoid certain jobs in baseball club to avoid suspicion and exposure.Some will even claim to be heterosexual when asked directly. It is the power of the closet to shape the core of an individuals life that has made homosexuality into a significant personal, social, and polit ical drama in twentieth-century America.(Seidman 2003, p. 25). Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick, in her book Epistemology of the closet, majorly focuses on male homosexuality. She is also an bright who is interested in gay and lesbian studies, queer studies, gender studies, and feminism. Sedgwick (Seidman 2003, p. 25) proposes that many of the major thoughts and knowledge in twentieth-century Western culture as a whole are structuredindeed fracturedby the now endemic crisis of homo/heterosexual definition, indicatively male, dating from the end of the nineteenth century.Incoherent ideas about homosexuality inform the way men are acculturated in the modern West, and (Seidman 2003, p. 25) since this is so, this incoherence has come to mark society generally. Incoherence characterizes the attitude toward homosexuality in the West and is beyond debate. examples, are gay men ridiculous figures of fun or are they sexual monsters who prey on young children? is the homosexual a limp-wrested female unsuited for the armed forces, or the lothario of the showers who will gaze upon and/or rape his fellow servicemen? Is sexuality an orientation or is it a choice? are homosexuals innate(p) or are they made? essentialism or social constructionism? nature/nurture?. These are all part of the effect of this crisis in modern sexual definition. Sedgwick believes that it is unacceptable to adjudicate between these (Seidman 2003, p. 25). In describing in general terms the mass of contradictions that adhere to homosexuality, she proposes that one consider it in terms of an opposition between a minoritizing view and a universalizing one. A minoritizing view takes the position that homosexuality is of primary importance to a relatively small group of actual homosexuals.A universalizing view takes the position that homosexuality is of importance to persons across a wide range of sexualities. Under the universalizing view, one can put nurture, social-construction, choice and a warrant for soc ial engineering to eradicate homosexuality(Seidman 2003, p. 25). Sedgwick says that the current debate in queer theory, between constructivist and essentialist understandings of homosexuality is the most recent link(Seidman 2003, p. 25). She goes on to conclude that the continuation of this debate is itself the most important feature of recent understandings of sex.The aim of the book is to explore the incoherent dispensation under which we now live. Through an examination of a number of mostly late nineteenth century literary and philosophical works, including (Seidman 2003, p. 25).Melvilles BILLY BUDD, Wildes THE PICTURE OF DORIAN GRAY, various works of Nietzsche, James THE BEAST IN THE JUNGLE, Thackerays LOVEL THE WIDOWER, and Prousts REMEMBRANCE OF THINGS PAST, Sedgwick discovers a number of pairs of opposing terms (binarisms) which she then shows to be inconsistent with and dependent upon each other.I found it fascinating to issue forth her explication of the ways in which the se terms were related. Among the pairings that she assembles and dissects for our consideration are secrecy/disclosure, private/public, masculine/feminine, majority/minority, innocence/initiation, natural/artificial, new/old, growth/decadence, urbane/provincial, health/illness, same/different, cognition/paranoia, art/kitsch, sincerity/sentimentality, and voluntarity/addiction (Seidman 2003, p.25).She asserts that a true understanding of the force of the opposition of these terms must be grounded in the identification and acceptance that the content of all of these terms was determined around the turn of the century amid and through anxious questioning over who and what was homosexual. These opposing terms, all of which become today, therefore have a residue of the homo/hetero definitional crisis(Seidman 2003, p.25). In addition, Sedgwick perhaps delivers the coup de grace(Seidman 2003, p. 25), if such was needed, to sleek, masculine, modernist objective criticism. She demonstrate s that modernist criticism finds its genesis in the homo/hetero definitional crisis and both its flight into and prizing of abstraction is a direct reflection of its homophobia.

Recent Economic Developments Essay

The being is currently experiencing a dramatic change in the economy with the emerging forces in the world s most rapidly developing nations. These nations have the greatest commercialize share in the global perspective and are a serious threat to naturalized world corporations (Agtmael 2007). Most of the companies in the emerging economies have combined their production trends with information technology, which is encouraging innovation and creativity. Currently there are hundreds of companies from the emerging market that are global competitors.The most notable as described earlier are the Chinese and the Indians scholars have ascertained that if the current trend in their training is not affected in a negative way, then by the category 2050, China and India would be among the three topmost powerful economies of the world (Marber 2008). economical analyses have found that the leading companies from the emerging economies are growing at a very fast rate estimated at about 25% per year and more than 29% of their revenue is collected from foreign market, this is expected to grow up to 40% by 2010.Conclusion The social and economic changes in the world have been very critical in determining the economies of the nations. The development of the world financial market has lasted for over a century with different states changing their positions in the system. Bureaucratization is the notable early development of economic policies that saw increased collection of taxes in old empires and eventually enhanced the states ability to borrow money shape up increasing bureaucracy.Major phenomena that stimulated economic development were agriculture and capitalist economy, but the recent and significant of them was the industrialization which has intensely revolutionized economy.ReferencesAgtmael A. (2007). The Emerging Markets Century. How a newly Breed Of introduction-class Companies is Overtaking the World. Free Press. Drori G. S, Meyer J. W and Hwang H. (2006). G lobalization and Organizational Change.Oxford University Press. IFM (2003). World economic Outlook. Public Debt in Emerging Markets. International Monetary fund. Kahn H. (1979). World Economic Development. 1979 and Beyond. Taylor and Francis. Marber P. (2008) From Third World to Third Class. The Future of Emerging Markets in the Global Economy. Perseus Books. Staley E. (2008). World Economic Development. Efffects on Advanced Industrial Countries. International tote Office.

AT&T †An Overview Of The Existing Organization Essay

AT&T is one of the top leaders of the telecommunications industry. It is one of the largest fixed telephony providers in the US and the companion also provides broadband and telecasting services to its customers. AT&T is also the second largest mobile telephony service in US, with somewhere around 85.2 million wireless customers and 210 million boilersuit total customers. The headquarters of the company ar situated in Whitacre Tower, Dallas, Texas, USA. Randall L. Stephenson is the CEO, President and the Chairman of the company.History of AT&TThe history of AT&T goes a long way in the past it goes back to the times when Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876. The invention of the first telephone was considered to be the foundation of the company which would later be known as AT&T Inc. AT&T had been the only company providing the telecommunication services in the US, it can be said that it had the monopoly over the industry. (AT&T, 2010)In the year 1984 there was an a greement held between former AT&T and the US Department of umpire that the company (i.e. AT&T) would divest its local telephone operations but they will remain in control of their long distance services, R&D and manufacturing arms. The result of the agreement was the creation of SBC Communications Inc. (formerly also known as Southwestern Bell Corp).The Telecommunications Act of 1996 created drastic changes in the competitive telecommunication industry. after operating for 12 years, SBC Communications Inc. decided to go global. And it did it by acquiring Pacific Telesis Group in 1997, Southern New England Telecommunication in 1998 and then in 1999 it acquired Ameritech Corp. And finally in the 2005 SBC Communications Inc. purchased AT&T Corp. and thus the new AT&T was formed. (AT&T, 2010)In 2006 a merger was conducted between AT&T and Bellsouth. The acquisition of Bellsouth also bought in Cingular Wireless and Yellowpages.com which were actually the joint venture between these two companies. Now all these services (including the wireless ones) descend under the name of AT&T. Now it has become the leaders in the telecommunication industry.The Values of AT&TAT&T values it employees, customers and suppliers a great deal, because they understand the significance of the relationship between them. The company strongly believes in working together as a team so that they are able to achieve excellence.AT&T believes that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is very important therefore CSR is integrated within the culture of the company. In 2009 the company contributed somewhere around $155 million to the community.The company strongly believes in honesty, integrity, openness and respect, due to these values the company works hard to deliver on its promise and it always does the right thing. (AT&T, 2010)

Cultural and environmental Issues in Pakistan Essay

Corruption is the prime reason behind the economic unstableness. Corruption has get around into the world and has ruined the economy. Pakistan has been ranked at 42nd number among the most corrupt nations of the world.UnemploymentUnemployment is a major favorable problem caused by poor sparing system. Causes of unemployment areLack of funds followed by unorganized system and lack of new projects are make unemployment worldwide. There are many reasons of unemployment resembling inflow of machinery that has replaced manpower.Health problemsHealth is another social problem caused by poor economical givens. The cost of living is ever increasing and shortage of funds is a usual problem worldwide. There are less hospitals and medical centers and if there are any, the people are unable to afford their and their children healthexpenses So the health problems grow unchecked.Child laborChildren who deserve to be educated are forced to do fetch.The circulation of money is restrained to rich people except causing the poor to become more(prenominal) poor. In past, some countries refused to import those goods from Pakistan in whose making children were employed. Due to growing inflation (rise) and poverty, parents are bound to send their children to work to light their stoves.Economical problems1. Power crises2. fight on terrorism3. Declining export4. Tumbling stock-market5. Lack of tourism6. Loss in businessPower crises are affecting the economy of the world very badly. The power crisis is followed by eliminate in production and at the end the economy of the countries is affected badly. We are runway short of fuel worldwide. All the countries are affected by power crises. War against terrorism is another very important reason behind the economical problem. War is affecting the worlds economy and is causing problems like shortage of fuel, lack of funds, increase in health problem etc. War benefits none, someone is hurt badly and someone is destroyed complete ly. Lack of power followed by decline in production is the main cause of declining export which is a major economical problem worldwide. In Pakistan, core inflation soared to 18.85% in first quarter of year 2009.The production cannot even fulfill the demands and hue to decline in export and lack of trouble, the world economy is suffering great problems. The stock-market is suffering a decline worldwide. Lack of investment and poor economical condition of the people and judicature is another cause of decline in stock-market worldwide. In 2009, many times Karachi Stock Ex limiting has plunged to its lowest point in the history of Pakistan. Lack of tourism is also a cause of the declining in economy. Local as well as foreign media has projected Pakistan as a suicidal and unsafe country. Its poor law and order situation has alarmed the tourist and thus Northern areas no more receive many tourists. The pooreconomical system affects the business very badly. Foreign investors are not re ady to setup their businesses in Pakistan. More than 70 Multinational Companies bring already jam-packed up their business from Pakistan. Government as well as every single citizen has to play its own specific role to bring ab place a positive change.Cultural crisis in PakistanA SUFI saint has defined culture as the odor left behind when the incense stick of aliveness has burnt out. And, heritage is valued as the highly prized family silver a loan from our ancestors to be passed on to future generations. No department of life be it economic, cultural, religious or recreational has been free from the effect of this great transformation in progress. The old system of classification and stratification of order as a whole is changing gradually and slowly but surely and certainly. We may go for some little changes. For instance, we may change clothing style. We may change our room setting. We may change our eating stuff. We may do whatever makes us happy. Movement is the stuff an d essence of life, both for individual and the society. From the independence twenty-four hour period of August 14, 1947 up to date, Pakistans has been a society in transition. The society of Pakistan is dynamic and therefore ever-changing, and its patterns are changing transforming from time to time.The national society has been responding to the challenges of environment, native and man-made. The factors and circumstances responsible for these changes can be enumerated as below partition of sub-continent, technological and scientific inventions, growth of urbanization and industrialization, expansion of commercial activities and international trade, changes in the economic structure of the country initiating the industrialization of its economy, the spread of literacy resulting in the rise of a secular intelligentsia, the effect of the spread of different ideologies of different political parties in the country, the impact of the highly developed countries of the world on our so ciety, the working and influence of the trade union and co-operative movement, the expansion of the area reached by the mass media of communication like radio, press, cinema, television etc. migration and finally cultural diffusion. Changes are the spice of life. Is it true? Of course YESIt is true because everybody needs a change in whatever he/she is doing. We want changes around us. Monotonous life just makes us feelbored. It is good to have a change. It is not important that we should go for big changes everyday. We may go for little changes that should be pretty affordable. If we are seeking for a healthy and entertaining life then changes are very important. Changes must be positive. If we will go for negative ones then they will obviously have a negative impact upon our lives. Negative impacts are accountable for some more negative changes so we need to be assiduous in this regard. Pakistan nowadays is undergoing an identity crisis a crisis which the author feels arises from culture conflict. One of the causes of this conflict is that the Pakistani society possesses imported cultures along with its own varying with the diverse regions. The numerous cultures tend to conflict with one another. This crisis is clearly manifest in the actions of the Pakistani youth rebellions, and indecisiveness. The sputter for Pakistan was a unique historical experience with few parallels in the annals of history.It transcended ethnic ,linguistic, cultural and regional differences and coalesced into a powerful movement culminating in the creation of an independent homeland for the Muslims of the sub-continent. It even defied the geographic compulsions. In essence, it was an experience of a deep Muslim consciousness which both inspiring and invigorating. However ,Pakistan aft(prenominal) its creation was, indeed ,and ethnically plural society. Pakistan, these days is passing through a crucial era of multifarious ethnic problems multi-lingual and regional problems etc. Th e responsibility of the Punjabi has three distinct ethno-linguistic groups i.e. Punjabi ,Potohari and Saraiki speaking .Of late ,there has been a nascent rise of Saraiki consciousness with a demand for a separate Saraiki Province comprising of Saraiki speaking areas .In Baluchistan the Baluch , Brohi and Pakhtoons are dominated ethnoligual groups. The wide spread nationalist consciousness of Balchusitan has cut across the tribal divisions. In the North-Western Province of Pakistan ,apart from Pushtu,Hindku and Saraiki are also spoken in some parts of this province .The Pustoons as an ethnic group are integrating with the economic life of the rest of the country .The issue of Kalabagh Dam has arisen out of the same ethnic issue and provincial disharmony of Pakistan in the province. Though the proposed dam may play the role of key factor in the successfulness of the country and may breath a new life in the agricultural and industrial life of Pakistan .Moreover theethnic groups of the province also demand regional and to rename the province as Pakhtoonistan.Similarly the problem of ethnicity in Sindh is very complex. It is a web of discards, clash of interest and the resultant sense deprivation betwixt the different ethnic groups. Overawed bewildered conditions, the inhabitants themselves ,sometime become bewildered and the frequent out burst of violence creates hysteria among the people which consequences which are damaging for the peace and harmony of the province and also for the nation as a whole. All cultural activities can be perpetuated through toffee-nosed-sector support by providing incentives and tax breaks. let there be encouragement by the government for partnerships of commerce and culture, for promoting a positive, cultural image of Pakistan. The government needs to do a lot, but it neednt do it alone through a strategic plan each Pakistani can be encouraged to become a cultural worker. Pakistan is today at a crossroads due to challenges posed in the post 9/11 world the world of so-called clash of civilizations with an increasing polarization between the Muslims and the Western world.The affect of negative images flashed around the world can only be counter-acted through a cultural offensive. To achieve our objective of becoming a favored country for investment, culture will need to be placed at the core of our development policies and propagated with every possible means. It is not only political and diplomatic strategies that will create a better image for our country, but equally the propagation of our cultural agenda that is likely to pay dividends. let us promote our vision of a cultural Pakistan, Saqafati Pakistan, to provide another window to our country, a world removed from violence and negativism, promoting instead an image of a pluralistic Muslim country, a depository of rare cultural assets, along with historical memories and spiritual orientation of its people.Each public sector organization and private s ector, too, can be engaged in promoting our cultural resources, through even simple means of films, posters, images and leaflets PIA within aeroplanes and national and international offices, Pakistan Railways by utilizing its countrywide stations, Pakistan Post Office through its innumerable outlets, the technological gateways and countless websites, to name a few. Let us not fritter away our family silver and the fragrance of the incense stick, but safeguard them and utilize them for creation of a cultural Pakistan, for not only development and well beingof our people, but also for social and economic advancement of our nation.Environmental issuesWater pollution from raw sewage, industrial wastes, and agricultural runoff limited natural fresh water resources a volume of the cosmos does not have access to potable water deforestation soil erosion desertification. Little attention was paid to pollution .Some are these link concerns, such as sanitation and potable water, received ea rlier scrutiny. In 1987 only about 6 per centum of rural residents and 51 percent of urban residents had access to sanitary facilities a Greater success has been achieved in bringing potable water within reach of the people nearly half the cosmos enjoyed such access by 1990. However, researchers at the Pakistan Medical Research Council, recognizing that a large proportion of diseases in Pakistan are caused by the consumption of polluted water, have been questioning the safe classification in use in the 1990s.Even the 38 percent of the population that receives its water through pipelines runs the risk of consuming severely contaminated water, although the problem varies by area. In Punjab, for example, as much as 90 percent of drinking water comes from groundwater, as compared with only 9 percent in Sindh. The central governments Perspective Plan (19882003) and antecedent five-year plans do not mention sustainable development strategies. Further, there have been no overarching po licies focused on sustainable development and conservation. The state has focused on achieving self-sufficiency in food production, meeting energy demands, and containing the high rate of population growth, not on curtailing pollution or other environmental hazards.In 1992 Pakistans National Conservation Strategy Report attempted to redress the previous inattention to the nations mounting environmental problem. Drawing on the expertise of more than 3,000 people from a wide array of political affiliations, the government produced a document outlining the current state of environmental health, its sustainable goals, and viable program options for the future. Of special concern to environmentalists is the diminishing forest cover in street corner regions of the northern highlands, which has only recently come under close scrutiny.

Swiss style every life Essay

Helvetica was created in 1957. It was named the Swiss style. As you look virtually at every day life, you will find time after time, that the sheath that is most prevalent is that of Helvetica. After viewing the film named the same, it was evident that although the ample majority of those interviewed were in favor, and some times in awe of Helvetica, there are still issues and controversy surrounding its use.Many interviews, such as Massimo Vignelli, were so excited about the typeface. He explained that it had rightness about it that the spaces between the letters were just as bold and important as the black. Proponents of Helvetica sight that the typeface is expressive, clear and legible. Some explained that it was good for everything.Michael Bierut may have explained it best with his description of the late 50s or early 60s when umteen corporations where changing over their current ads and brochures to Helvetica. He discernd a scene where a company would feel as if they were drinking a cold, crisp glass in of water after seeing what their new logo would look like in Helvetica.Helvetica is the contemporary typeface of corporations, of science and many other industries as well. It has an ability to fit the style you wish to project. It was explained in the video, that when American Outfitters used it, it looks chic when Crate and Barrel uses it, Helvetica appears clean and efficient. The video goes on to describe Helvetica as having a perfect balance of push and pull. It makes you believe its clean, it fits in, it wont make you stand out.But not everyone is on the Helvetica bandwagon. Others are morally apposed to the typeface. Paula Schuler is one of them. When she first started a career in design, it was shortly after the end of the Vietnam War. She associated Helvetica with the evil corporations that were sponsoring the war. In her mood of thinking, if you used Helvetica, you were supporting thewar.However, other views were shown in the video that al so apposed the frequent use of Helvetica. It was explained that typography should have personality and that we need to get away from the dread slickness of Helvetica. We need vitality. Helvetica represented modernism which they say equals boring. As you can see, there is a fine line between simple, clean, and powerful and simple, clean, and boring.Whether or not you are for or against the use of Helvetica, it wont be going away anything soon. We see it so often, that we dont even piss we see it. It is in our print, on our walls, TVs, and movies. Our records are labeled with it, our posters scream it. Like it or not, it is hear to stay it is unfixable.

Relationship Between Critical Thinking and Ethics Essay

Critical thinking and ethical motive tend to go hand in hand and are both used on a daily basis in our decision-making process. Our in the flesh(predicate) ethics will play a trip in our critical thinking and its move. Part of the critical thinking process is to evaluate all of the information we have gleaned. Ethics will automatically enclose themselves into that process. As we evaluate the information, our ethics will determine which information is accurate and which information best fits our Ethical Lens Inventory. This relationship will chasten to a creation that is within the scope of our ethics.Understanding the RelationshipTo fully understand the relationship between critical thinking and ethics we must understand critical thinking and its steps, our Ethical Lens Inventory, how ethics influences our decisions and how ethics applies to our professional and societal responsibilities.Critical ThinkingCritical thinking is taking in all of the facts getable to you and evalua ting those facts to reach a concise decision. There are six steps in the critical thinking process. The first step is remembering. Remembering is the base for the represent on five steps. Remembering is the ability to recall key details and facts on the information you have reviewed. The second step is understanding. Understanding is the ability for you to proceeds what you remembered and put it in your words. The third step is applying. Applying is the ability take the information and create a product or result. The fourth step is analyzing. Analyzing is the ability to relief down your idea into parts. The fifth step is evaluating. Evaluating is taking the information you have and rating its truthfulness and usefulness. The sixth step is creating. Creating is the culmination of all the previous steps to produce aresult.Ethical Lens InventoryMy Ethical Lens Inventory is Rights and Responsibility. I use my reasoning skill to determine my duties as wholesome as the universal rules that each person should follow. My blind spot is the belief that motives justify methods. In this way, I tend not to use emotion barely rather stay emotionally detached when applying ethics. People around me tend to think of me as callous and emotionless when making an ethical decision. Sometimes this thunder mug frighten or upset them, even though this is not my intention. Once people around me begin to understand my ethical lens inventory, they tend to repute me more and stop being frightened or upset.How My Personal Ethics Influence My Decision MakingMy personal ethics influences every decision I make. My personal ethics were acquired throughout my life and have become a part of who I am. They were instilled upon me through mentors, friends, loved ones and life experiences. None were forced upon me, and I made the conscious decision through these actions to choose what best suited me. Because of this, more often than not when making a decision my personal ethics are automatic ally inserted just as if I had taken a breath. My personal ethics helps me when making a decision by providing a road map to the outcome of the decision, however this is not always the case. There are certain times and situations where I will consciously bend my personal ethics. However I bend them they remain within reason.How Ethics Apply to Professional and Societal Responsibilities Ethics means a great deal when we apply them to our professional and personal life. When people see the decisions we make and how we conduct ourselves they form opinions about us. This opinion can lead them to believe we are a good co-worker, boss, friend or lover. With poor ethics this can have an opposite effect. There are people who do not have good ethics, or choose to rationalize them, who may try to influence our ethics. Being true to your ethics will only strengthen your resolve. Applying ethics in your professional life can lead you to be successful. The same can be true when applying ethics to your societal life. Consistency plays a significant role in this. You must remain logical when applying your ethics. Failure to do so will lead some to think you do not have a goodethical standard.

Standing Up For Others

Standing Up believe that you should stand up for yourself, your familiarity, and your country to support various things that fanny make a major positive impact in your society. Every day, you will see things that ar un precisely or maybe you dont feel is right. You as a person argon given a voice for a reason. Not only for you but also for the people around you too. One drill of a person showing what standing up for yourself and others can re bothy do is Rosa parks. She is know as the mother of the freedom movement.This woman refused to eve her seat up on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama to a white person. This time period separated blacks and whites mind you that she was no intellectual or preacher, she felt that the situation was unjust and had protested in a nonviolent manner. She stood up for herself and the others in her position and changed the world for the better. another(prenominal) example is when a young 13 year old and a group of her friends showed up for school one day. T hey were wearing black arm bands to mourn the death of Vietnam and all of them including her were suspended.They also faced harassment and many death threats. The UCLA came to her defense, winning a landmark Supreme coquette decision in Tinker v. Des Monies (19969). Lastly, movements can be seen in terms of environment. People are now beginning to expose the notion of and inherit value to natural resources, such as trees. Another is animal protection against cruelty, people that support things like this have already made a thumping impact on the public. It is seen in cosmetic companies that now go to lengths of advertisement to show that they do not est. their products on animals.All of these examples are showing that you can make a difference with your voice. It shows that you are on your community side, the people around you, and the people you care about. It also shows that you are focused on not just your own but, your teams well being and interest. Sticking up for others can help create such a positive working environment, that you are a leader worth following, and that is why it is important to stick up for your rights and the rights of others too

Literature Review on Brand Awareness

Definition of provoker sentiency The likelihood that consumersrecognize the existence and accessibility of a companys product or service. Creating fool ken is wholeness of thekey steps in promoting a product Brand Awarenessis the close to which a stigmatizeis recognized by potentialclients, and is mightily associated with a particularproduct. Expressed usually as a percentage oftarget market, taint sensation is the primary goal ofadvertisingin the early months or years of aproducts introduction.Brand consciousness is the extent to which the consumer associates the bell ringer with the product he desires to buy. It is the brand back a authority and the brand recognition of the company to the consumers. Brand recall is the ability of the consumer to recollect the brand with reference to the product where as brand recognition is the potential of the consumer to get hold the quondam(prenominal) knowledge of the brand when enquired about the brand or shown an image of the b randlogo.Brand awareness is an native part ofbrand developmentwhich helps the brand to stand out from the others in this monopolistically competitive market brilliance Awareness, attitudes, and usage (AAU) metrics relate closely to what has been called the Hierarchy of Effects, an assumption that customers progress through sequential stages from need of awareness, through initial purchase of a product, to brand loyalty. In total, these AAU metrics allow companies to track trends in customer knowledge and attitudes. 2 Brand awareness plays a major role in a consumers buying closing accomplish.The knowledge of an acquaintance or friend having used the product in the past or a high recognition of the product through constant advertisements and associations coaxes the person to produce his end in the favour of the brand. The typeual goal of intimately businesses is to make profits and profit sales. Businesses intend to increase their consumer pool and encourage repeat purchas es. Apple is a brilliant example of how there is a rattling high recognition of the brand logo and high anticipation of a new product being released by the company.An iPod is the first thing that pops into our minds when we think of purchasing an mp3 player. iPod is used as a replaceable noun to make out an mp3 player. Finally, high brand awareness about a product suggests that the brand is easily recognizable and pass judgment by the market in a agency that the brand is differentiated from similar products and other competitors. Brand building also helps in improving brand loyalty Brand awareness isan important way ofpromoting commodity-related products. This is because for these products, there are very few factors that differentiate one product from its competitors.Therefore, the product that maintains the highest brand awareness compared to its competitors volition usually get the most sales. In the study Effects of Brand Awareness on Choice for a Common Repeat Purchase-Pr oduct prepared by Wayne D. Hoyer and Steven P. Brown, published by the University of Chicago squash in the journal Journal of Consumer Research Vol. 17,No. 2(sep. ,1990) gives an abstract that Results of a controlled experiment on the role of brand awareness in the consumer choice adjoin showed that brand awareness was a dominant choice trial-and-error among awareness-group subjects.Subjects with no brand awareness tended to sample more brands and selected the high-quality brand on the final choice importantly more often than those with brand awareness. Thus, when quality differences exist among competing brands, consumers may pay a price for employing frank choice heuristics such as brand awareness in the interest of economizing time and effort. However, building brand awareness is a viable strategy for advertising aimed at increasing brand-choice probabilities.In their research ,Brand awareness is outlined as a rudimentary level of brand knowledge involving,at the least, recog nition of a brand name. Awareness represents lowest end of continuum of brand knowledge that ranges from simple recognition of the brand name to highly substantial cognitive structure based on detailed information. Recognition is taken here to be the process of perceiving a brand as previously encountered(Mandler 1980). Thus the distinction between awareness and recognition is a subtle one,former denting a state of knowledge possessed by the consumer and the latter a cognitive process resulting from awareness.According to Keller (2003) stated that Brand awareness can be referred to as the ability of a consumer to distinguish a brand under various conditions. Keller (2003) also noned that brand awareness is built and increased by familiarity with the brand as a result of repeated vulnerability which eventually leads to consumers hump with the brand. Consumers experience of a particular brand could either be by hearing, seeing, or thinking about it and this allow for help the bran d to stick in their memory.Brand awareness can be referred to as the degree of consumers familiarity with a brand. Aaker (1991) According to Aaker (1991 p. 62), there are three levels of brand awareness * Brand recognition It is the ability of consumers to separate a certain brand amongst other i. e. aided recall. Aided recall is a internet site whereby a person is asked to identify a recognized brand name from a list of brands from the like product class. * Brand recall This is a situation whereby a consumer is expected to name a brand in a product class.It is also referred to as unaided recall as they are not disposed any clue from the product class. * Top of mind This is referred to as the first brand that a consumer can recall amongst a given class of product. Many researchers have seen brand awareness as an element that plays a vital role in consumers choice of brand. Aaker (1991) prescribed some of the pursual factors as ways to achieve brand awareness * Involve a slogan or jingle a slogan is a visible feature of a brand. There can be a strong link between a slogan and a brand.The slogan and jingle are unchewable and can be a great change for a brand. * Be different and memorable as a result of the similarity between product and their means of communication, product differentiation is important. * Symbol impression a known symbol go out make it easier to recall and memorize a visible representative of the brand. A logo that is connected to an existing brand or a developed brand will play a vital role in developing and keeping brand awareness. * Publicity one of the most important ways to get publicity and create awareness is through advertisement. Event sponsorship sponsorship of event can also help to create and maintain awareness. * Consider brand extension one way to increase brand recall is to show the logo or name on the product and make the name popular. Example of this is coca-cola which is more publicized than the key product. * Using cue packaging is one of the most significant cues to a brand due to the fact that it is what the purchaser sees when purchasing a product. If the product or brand is not known, the only means of contact to the brand or product is the package. Hankinson and Cowking 1993), indicates in target to achieve the brand acceptance, the relationship between the customer and brand perception of customer to brand is needed. The customers psychological and physical needs and the brands symbolic values and functional attributes will be reflect by the strong relationship between customers the brand Brand awareness is inborn in buying decision-making as it is important that consumers recall the brand in the context of a given specific product category, awareness increasing the probability that the brand will be a constituent of the consideration set.Awareness also affects decisions about brands in the consideration set, even in the absence of any brand associations in consumers minds. In low invol vement decision settings, a minimum level of brand awareness may be sufficient for the choice to be final. Awareness can also influence consumer decision making by affecting brand associations that form the brand image (Keller1998)

Irony in Love

Irony in Love Irony is a mystery. The smartest minds of society even contradict themselves postal code goes as planned. No depicted object how much people are molded by others, they are of all time their own unmarried with their own free pull up stakes. Love is as well a mystery it is an emotion, but also a psychological necessity. Having immense book smarts and everything planned surface does non set the standards for the ideal bozo. Conceded, self-absorbed people have no realization that the world does non revolve somewhat them and their opinion.In many cases, the guy on top does not always get what he wants but what he deserves. In grievous bodily harm Sultans, Love Is a Fallacy, the story has almost no association with the emotion love it follows the material, selfish, earthly set of humans. Salmon portrays how irony can be seen through a man teaching a woman how to be logic, but then the woman turns away. Logically choosing another mate. A youth law savant pursue s Poly Espy a beautiful, graceful classmate who is not the brilliant compared to him. He aims to teach her logic, making them the complete pair.In his arrogance he neglects to see that Poly is her own person and does not have to choose him, no matter his educational status. After all the make doledge given to her, she makes the decision to go steady with his roommate, Petty Bellows, realizing their relationship is not a logical choice for her liveness. As John Gay has said follow love and it will flee, flee love and it will follow. Poly sees right through the main character, all his hard work support fired. In the end of the story she has no interest in him. With all his intelligence, he has no emotions.Everything enters around him. During the story, Poly and the future lawyer meet for their dates at the Knoll. Known for being regularly visited by young couples as a hook up spot. Though this young couple ironically goes to talk virtually logic. The young law learner could hav e taken her any. Veer at all, but chose to take her to a amative spot for a non-romantic conversation. His unconscious, emotionless choice provides the audience and Poly even more information to come to the end that he isnt emotionally interested even though he stated it early in the story.For him this is purely an experiment to see if Poly is worthy of him. He would rather spend the time correcting Polyps mind because she is logic-proof, than trying to get to know her for who she really is. In doing this he debilitates the chemical process the brain completes in order to feel the emotion of lust and attraction. Everyone and everything has to measure up to him or it is not good enough. Though, in the end the law student doesnt measure up to his roommate that is dumb as an ox. At the end of the story, Poly chooses Petty over the apostolical law student imply because of the raccoon coat.Ironically the reason petty has the coat is because of the fact that his roommate gave him it for the girl. Poly hilariously proves to the young man that no matter how well put together someones future or up-to-the-minute situation in life, something as simple as a raccoon coat can grant you in the dust. From the very beginning, Poly and Petty already had chemistry. Like John Dryden once said love is not in our choice but in our fate, there was something established prior. The young lawyer sought out to take her, not even considering she needed to be won over.Once again not thinking about another individuals opinion, only his need and wants to become a successful lawyer. Proven in Love Is a Fallacy, you can educate someone to a higher standard but the repercussions of that action may not be in your favor. This lead to the knowledge that having a giant intellect does not mean that an individual knows everything, especially about love. Many geniuses do not understand that not every aspect of life needs to be mathematically calculated to precision. People are singular because no one is scarce alike.

How does Black Death Impact the Medieval History Essay

According to Robert s. Gottfried The Black finish, the black death was defined as a combination of bubonic, pneumonic, and septicaemic smite strains. It devast take ind the Western world from 1347 to 1351, killing 25%-50% of Europes universe and causing or accelerating marked political, economic, social, and cultural changes. People were astounded, bewildered, and terrified. (Gottfried Robert S., The Black demolition Natural and Human contingency in Medieval Europe, linked State of America, 1985, print, Introduction. ) It is a great plague occurred in Europe in the middle ages and it was an unprecedented hap in human history. The most eventful part from the Black Death is the bubonic plague, this plague comes from dead black rats and it will affect from rats to people. This devastating disease was started from the plains of central Asia, then, the plague from rats gain spread in Silk Road additionally, people and things that participated in the Silk Road were carried this pla gue into North Africa and Europe. From Gottfried and Spielvogels book, they accounts three main aspects to shows The Black Death drastically influenced medieval Europe, these three parts are Europeans economy, population and their psychological.First, The Black Death plays a significant role in the economics part, the disaster was leaded population quickly decreased in Europe. This phenomenon caused the depression across the land, no one curb enough time to focus on the farm or to improve the productivity. Moreover, The Black Death in any case pushed serf system broken fast. People during thirteen century to fourteen century realized it is important to product more and more foods, they started work knockout for themselves in order to gain a burst life. Moreover, the open trade goes well to the rest of world from 1400 to 1600, like the book said, it was a period of transition, in which northern Europe played an increasingly important commercial role, and in which the center of ec onomic drill was sifting from the Mediterranean to the northwest. In conclusion, The Black Death really change the economic strategy a lot during the medieval Europe.( Gottfried Robert S., The Black Death Natural and Human tragedy in Medieval Europe, United State of America, 1985, Print, Chapter 7, P144) Second, The Black Death made famine and population parts were got a threatening hit. roughhistorians estimate that famine killed 10 percent of the European population in the first half of the fourteenth century. (Spielvogel capital of Mississippi J. Western Civilization, Eight Edition, Volume I To 1715, 2012, 2009, 2006 Wadsworth, Chapter 11, Famine and Population, P307.)Between 1347 to 1351, the plague across nigh cities in Europe, it cover such as France, Spain, Germany and more, until 1351, the plague was disappeared in north Europe. The death happened frequently in the populated part and the urban area. On the other hand, famine causes the decrease in population, too. Peop le ate limited food or sometimes they even kept hungry for a long time, in the other words, it meant that long period unhealthy diet has directly impact the population. Third, plague attacked peoples psychological area. With the increasing number of mortality, People eventually shows their nature, it also represents the dark side of the human nature. It is hard to make a choice when People faced diseases and family or friendship. An example of the book which accounts that one cogitate the word of a child left behind oh father, why have you abandoned me? Mother, where have you departed? (Spielvogel Jackson J. Western Civilization, Eight Edition, Volume I To 1715, 2012, 2009, 2006 Wadsworth, Chapter 11, P308.)From the question he or her asked, it is not hard to define that, people in that time were very fear about death and fear to fulfill with any disease. For those parents who abandon their kids, this cruel behavior were totally broken all the normal human relation.In conclusi on, The Black Death made a numerous people suffer in the painful world. hardly it still was an unavoidable event for the whole word, the disaster bring the social evolution for the whole Europe. In my point of view, I think peoples psychological part from the Black Death have made a greater impact on society. Last but not least, The Black Death definitely had a great impact than a war or a person, because it caused a lots of effects on the human and the natural world.Reference1. Gottfried Robert S., The Black Death Natural and Human Disaster in Medieval Europe, United State of America, 1985, print, Introduction.2. Gottfried Robert S., The Black Death Natural and Human Disaster inMedieval Europe, United State of America, 1985, Print, Chapter 7, P1443. Spielvogel Jackson J. Western Civilization, Eight Edition, Volume I To 1715, 2012, 2009, 2006 Wadsworth, Chapter 11, Famine and Population, P3074. Spielvogel Jackson J. Western Civilization, Eight Edition, Volume I To 1715, 2012, 20 09, 2006 Wadsworth, Chapter 11, P308

Shadow Kiss Chapter 24

Twenty-fourTHE exclusively WORLD WAS politic. At this time of dark, at that place were no birds or anything, unless it beed quieter than usual. Even the wind had locomote silent. Mason looked at me pleadingly. The nausea and prickling increased.Then, I knew.Dimitri, I said urgently, in that location be Strig in addition late. Dimitri and I saw him at the same time, but Dimitri was closer. Pale face. Red eyes. The Strigoi swooped toward us, and I could some look he was f fable, notwithstanding analogous vampire legends used to say. notwithstanding Dimitri was just as fast and intimately as strong. He had his s construct a real maven, not a practice whizz in his hand and met the Strigois attack. I think the Strigoi had hoped for the element of surprise. They grapp direct, and for a present moment they seemed suspended in time, neither gaining make on the an separate(prenominal). Then Dimitris hand snaked stunned, plunging the interestingness into the Strigois heart. The red eyes widened in surprise, and the Strigois body crumpled to the basis.Dimitri rancid to me to make sure I was any good, and a thousand silent messages passed between us. He turned a look and scanned the woods, peering into the darkness. My nausea had increased. I didnt understand why, but approximatelyhow I could champion the Strigoi around us. That was what was reservation me receive sick. Dimitri turned back to me, and there was a look Id never seen in his eyes.Rose. Lis hug drug to me. prompt. Run as fast and as hard as you can back to your dorm. Tell the guardians.I nodded. t darther was no questioning here.Reaching emerge, he gripped my upper arm, gaze locked on me to make sure I unders everywherelyd his next words. Do not stop, he said. No matter what you hear, no matter what you see, do not stop. Not until youve warned the others. Dont stop unless youre directly confronted. Do you understand?I nodded over again. He released his let.Tell them bu ria.I nodded again.Run.I ran. I didnt look back. I didnt regard what he was exit to do because I already knew. He was exit to stop as spelly Strigoi as he could so that I could entrance help. And a moment later, I heard grunts and hits that told me hed found other. For only a heartbeat, I let myself take several(prenominal)what him. If he died, I was certain I would also. But consequently I let it go. I couldnt just think slightly one person, not when hundreds of lives were depending on me. there were Strigoi at our school. It was impossible. It couldnt happen.My feet hit the ground hard, splashing through the slush and mud. Around me, I theory I could hear voices and shapes not the ghosts from the airport, but the monsters Id been dreading for so long. But nothing stopped me. When Dimitri and I had inaugural begun training to pissher, hed made me run laps alone day. Id complained, but hed stated over and over again that it was essential. It would make me stronger, he had said. And, hed added, a day could accompany when I couldnt fight and would realise to flee. This was it.The dhampir dorm appeared forwards me, about half its windows lit. It was near curfew people were personnel casualty to bed. I burst in through the doors, tonus ilk my heart was going to explode from the exertion. The first person I saw was Stan, and I nearly knocked him over. He caught my wrists to steady me.Rose, wh Strigoi, I gasped out. There are Strigoi on campus.He stared at me, and for the first time Id ever seen, his mouth seriously dropped open. Then, he acquire himself, and I could immediately see what he was thinking. More ghost stories. Rose, I dont lie with what youre Im not barbarian I screamed. Everyone in the dorms lobby was staring at us. Theyre out there Theyre out there, and Dimitri is fighting them exclusively. You take hold to help him. What had Dimitri told me? What was that word? Buria. He said to tell you buria.And like that, Stan was g one.I had never seen any drills for Strigoi attacks, nevertheless the guardians must have conducted them. Things go too fast for them not to have. Every guardian in the dorm, whether theyd been vigilant or not, was in the lobby in a matter of minutes. C in all(prenominal)s were made. I stood in a hemicycle with other novices, who watched our elders organize themselves with awesome efficiency. Glancing around, I completed just aboutthing. There were no other seniors with me. Since it was Sunday night, all of them had returned to the field hold out to protect their Moroi. It was oddly relieving. The Moroi dorms had an extra line of defense.At least, the teenage Moroi did. The elementary campus did not. It had its conventionalism guardian protection, as well as a lot of the same defenses our dorm did, like gratings on all the first- home windows. Things like that wouldnt keep Strigoi out, but they would slow them down. No one had ever done too much more than than that. There d been no essential, not with the wards.Alberta had joined the group and was sending out parties throughout campus. few were sent to secure buildings. Some were hunting parties, specifically seeking out Strigoi and trying to figure out how more were around. As the guardians thinned out, I stepped forward.What should we do? I asked.Alberta turned to me. Her eyes swept over me and the others standing behind me, ages ranging from fourteen to just a little younger than me. Something flashed across her face. Sadness, I thought.You conciliate here in the dorm, she said. No one can leave the whole campus is under lockdown. Go up to the floors you live on. There are guardians there organizing you into groups. The Strigoi are less likely to get up there from the outside. If they get in on this floor She scanned around us, at the door and windows being monitored. She shook her head. Well, well dish with that.I can help, I told her. You know I can.I could tell she was about to disagree, but so she changed her mind. To my surprise, she nodded. Take them upstairs. Watch them.I started to protest being a babysitter, but consequently she did something really astonishing. She reached interior her coat and handed me a silver stake. A real one.Go on, she said. We need them out of the way here.I started to turn away but then paused. What does buria mean?Storm, she said softly. Its Russian for storm.I led the other novices up the stairs, directing them to their floors. Most were terrified, which was perfectly understandable. A few of them the older ones in grouchy looked like I felt. They treasured to do something, anything to help. And I knew that even though they were a year from graduation, they were still deadly in their way. I pulled a couple of them aside.Keep them from panicking, I said in a low voice. And stay on watch. If something happens to the older guardians, itll be up to you.Their faces were sober, and they nodded at my directions. They understood per fectly. There were some novices, like Dean, who didnt always grasp the seriousness of our lives. But most did. We grew up fast.I went to the second floor because I figured that was where Id be most useful. If any Strigoi got past the first floor, this was the next logical target. I showed my stake to the guardians on duty and told them what Alberta had said. They respected her wishes, but I could tell they didnt want me to be too involved. They directed me down a wing with one small window. Only someone my size or smaller could likely fit through, and I knew that particular section of the building was nearly impossible to draw near up, due to its outside shape.But, I patrolled it anyway, desperate to know what was going on. How more Strigoi were there? Where were they? I completed then that I had a good way of finding out. Still keeping an eye on my window as best I could, I cleared my mind and slipped into Lissas head.Lissa was with a group of other Moroi on an upper floor of h er dorm too. The lockdown procedures were undoubtedly the same across campus. There was a chip shot more tension in this group than with mine, probably due to the fact that even while inexperienced, the novices with me sound now had some idea how to fight Strigoi. The Moroi had none, despite those adamant Moroi political groups wanting to instigate some sort of training sessions. The logistics of that were still being figured out.Eddie was near Lissa. He looked so fierce and so strong like he could single-handedly take on every Strigoi on campus. I was so glad that he among my classmates was assigned to her.Since I was completely inside her mind now, I got the full might of her feelings. Jesses torture session seemed meaningless now compared to a Strigoi attack. Unsurprisingly, she was terrified. But most of her fear wasnt for herself. It was for me and Christian.Rose is fine, a voice nearby said. Lissa glanced over at Adrian. Hed apparently been in the dorm rather than guest h ousing. He had on his usual lazy face, but I could see fear masked behind his color eyes. She can take on any Strigoi. Besides, Christian told you she was with Belikov. Shes probably safer than we are.Lissa nodded, wanting desperately to believe that. But ChristianAdrian, for all his bravado, suddenly looked away. He wouldnt meet her eyes or offer any conciliatory words. I didnt need to hear the explanation because I read it from Lissas mind. She and Christian had wanted to meet alone and talk about what had happened to her in the woods. Theyd been supposed to sneak out and meet at his lair in the chapels attic. She hadnt been fast enough and had been caught by curfew just before the attack, meaning she remained in the dorm while Christian was still out there.It was Eddie who offered the words of comfort. If hes in the chapel, hes fine. He really is the safest of all of us. Strigoi couldnt enter holy ground.Unless they combustion it down, said Lissa. They used to do that.Four hund red years ago, said Adrian. I think theyve got easier pickings around here without needing to go all medieval.Lissa flinched at the words easier pickings. She knew Eddie was business about the chapel, but she couldnt jar the thought that Christian might have been on his way back to the dorm and been caught in the middle. The annoy was eating her up, and she felt helpless with no way to do or find out anything.I returned to my own body, standing in the second floor hallway. Finally, I really and truly grasped what Dimitri had said about the importance of guarding someone who wasnt psychically linked to me. Dont get me wrong I was still worried about Lissa. I worried more about her than any other Moroi on campus. The only way I wouldnt have been worried would have been if she were miles away, ringed in wards and guardians. But at least I knew she was as safe as she could be right now. That was something.But Christian I had no idea. I had no link to tell me his whereabouts or to ev en let me know if he was alive. This was what Dimitri had meant. It was an alone different hazard when you didnt have a bond and it was a scary one.I stared at the window without seeing it. Christian was out there. He was my charge. And even if the field experience was hypothetical well, it didnt change things. He was a Moroi. He might be in danger. I was the one who was supposed to guard him. They came first.I took a cloudy breath and wrestled with the decision before me. Id been bemusen orders, and guardians followed orders. With the dangers around us, following orders was what kept us organized and efficient. performing rebel could sometimes get people killed. Mason had proven that in going aft(prenominal) the Strigoi in Spokane.But it wasnt like I was the only one who faced danger here. Everyone was at venture. There was no safety, not until all the Strigoi were gone from campus, and I had no clue how many there were. Guarding this window was invade work, meant to keep m e out of the way. True, someone could invade the second floor, and Id be useful then. And true, a Strigoi could try to get in through this window, but that was unlikely. It was too difficult, and, as Adrian had pointed out, they had easier ways to get prey.But I could go through the window.I knew it was wrong, even as I opened the window up. I was exposing myself here, but I had conflicting instincts. Obey orders. Protect Moroi.I had to go make sure Christian was okay.Chilly night air blew in. No sounds from outside revealed what was happening. Id climbed out of my rooms window a number of times and had some experience with it. The problem here was that the stone beneath the window was perfectly smooth. There was no handhold. There was a small ledge down by the first floor, but the distance to it was longer than my height, so I couldnt simply slide down. If I could get to that ledge, however, I could walk off to the corner of the building where some scalloped edging would let me cli mb down easily.I stared at the ledge below. I was going to have to drop down to it. If I fell, Id probably break my neck. Easy pickings for Strigoi, as Adrian would say. With a quick prayer to whoever was listening, I climbed out of the window, holding onto its sill with twain hands and letting my body discharge as close to the lower ledge as I could. I still had two more feet between it and me. I counted to three and released my hold, dragging my hands along the wall as I dropped. My feet hit the ledge and I started to wobble, but my dhampir reflexes kicked in. I regained my balance and stood there, holding the wall. Id made it. From this point, I easily travel to the corner and climbed down.I hit the ground, barely noticing Id skinned my hands. The quad around me was silent, though I thought I heard some screams in the distance. If I were a Strigoi, I wouldnt mess with this dorm. Theyd get a fight here, and while most Strigoi could probably take out a group of novices at once, t here were easier ways. Moroi were less likely to put up a real fight, and anyway, Strigoi preferred their blood to ours.Still, I moved cautiously as I set out toward the chapel. I had the cover of darkness, but Strigoi could see in it even better than I could. I used trees as covers, looking every way I could, wishing I had eyes in the back of my head. Nothing, save more screams in the distance. I realized then that I didnt have that nauseous feeling from earlier. Somehow, that feeling was an indicator of nearby Strigoi. I didnt entirely trust it enough to walk off blindly, but it was reassuring to know I had some benevolent of early alarm system.Halfway to the chapel, I saw someone move out from behind a tree. I spun around, stake in hand, and nearly struck Christian in the heart.God, what are you doing? I hissed. nerve-racking to get back to the dorm, he said. Whats going on? I heard screaming.There are Strigoi on campus, I said.What? How?I dont know. You have to go back to the c hapel. Its safe there. I could see it we could get there easily.Christian was as reckless as me sometimes, and I almost expected a fight. He didnt give me one. Okay. Are you going with me?I started to say I would, and then I felt that nauseous feeling creep over me. Get down I yelled. He dropped to the ground without hesitation.Two Strigoi were on us. They two moved in on me, knowing Id be an easy target for their combined strength, and then they could go after Christian. One of them slammed me into a tree. My vision blurred for half a second, but I before long recovered. I shoved back and had the satisfaction of seeing her stagger a little. The other one a man reached for me, and I dodged him, slipping out of his grasp.The pair of them reminded me of Isaiah and Elena from Spokane, but I refused to get caught up in memories. both(prenominal) were taller than me, but the woman was closer to my height. I feinted toward him, and then struck out as fast as I could toward her. My st ake bit into her heart. It surprised both of us. My first Strigoi staking.Id barely pulled the stake out when the other Strigoi backhanded me, snarling. I staggered but kept my balance as I sized him up. Taller. Stronger. Just like when Id fought Dimitri. Probably faster too. We circled and then I leapt out and kicked him. He barely budged. He reached for me, and I again managed to dodge as I scanned for some opening to stake him. My narrow escape didnt slow him down, though, and he immediately attacked again. He knocked me to the ground, pinning my arms. I tried to push him off, but he didnt move. Saliva dripped from his fangs as he leaned his face down toward mine. This Strigoi wasnt like Isaiah, wasting time with stupid speeches. This one was going to go in for the kill, draining my blood and then Christians. I felt the fangs against my neck and knew I was going to die. It was horrible. I wanted to live so, so badlybut this was how it would end. With my last moments, I started to yell at Christian to run, but then the Strigoi above me suddenly lit up like a torch. He jerked back, and I rolled out from underneath him.Thick flames covered his body, completely obscuring any of his features. He was just a man-shaped bonfire. I heard a few strangled screams before he grew silent. He fell to the ground, jerk and rolling before finally going still. Steam rose from where fire hit the snow, and the flames soon destroy out, revealing nothing but ashes underneath.I stared at the charred remains. Only moments ago, Id expected to die. Now my attacker was dead. I nearly reeled from how close Id been to dying. Life and death were so unpredictable. So close to each other. We existed moment to moment, never knowing who would be the next to leave this world. I was still in it, barely, and as I looked up from the ashes, everything around me seemed so sweet and so beautiful. The trees. The stars. The moon. I was alive and I was glad I was.I turned to Christian, who was crou ched on the ground.Wow, I said, helping him up. Obviously, he was the one who had saved me.No shit, he said. Didnt know I had that much power. He peered around, body rigid and tense. Are there more?No, I said.You seem fair certain.Wellthis is going to sound weird, but I can kind of sense them. Dont ask how, I said, seeing his mouth open. Just roll with it. I think its like the ghost thing, a shadow-kissed side effect. Whatever. Lets get back to the chapel.He didnt move. A strange, speculative look was on his face. Rose do you really want to hole up in the chapel?What do you mean?We just took out two Strigoi, he said, pointing to the staked and charred bodies.I met his eyes, the full impact of what he was saying hitting me. I could sense Strigoi. He could use his fire on them. I could stake them. Provided we didnt hit a group of ten or something, we could do some serious damage. Then reality hit.I cant, I told him slowly. I cant risk your life.Rose. You know what we could do. I can see it in your face. Its worth risking one Moroi life and, well, yours to take out a bunch of Strigoi.Putting a Moroi in danger. Taking him out to fight Strigoi. It pretty much went against everything Id been taught. All of a sudden, I remembered that sketch moment of clarity Id just had, the wonderful delectation of being alive. I could save so many others. I had to save them. I would fight as hard as I could.Dont use your full power on them, I finally said. You dont need to incinerate them in ten seconds like that. Just light them up enough to pain them, and then Ill civilisation them. You can save your power.A grin lit his face. Were going hunting?Oh man. I was going to get in so much trouble. But the idea was too appealing, too exciting. I wanted to fight back. I wanted to protect the people I loved. What I really wanted was to go to Lissas dorm and protect her. That wasnt the most efficient idea, though. Lissa had my classmates on hand. Others werent so lucky. I thought about those students, students like Jill.Lets go to the elementary campus, I said.We set off at a light run, taking a route we hoped would keep us away from other Strigoi. I still had no idea how many we were dealing with here, and that was driving me crazy. When we were almost to the other campus, I felt the weird nausea hit me. I called a warning to Christian, just as a Strigoi grabbed him. But Christian was fast. Flames wreathed the Strigois head. He screamed and released Christian, trying frantically to put the flames out. The Strigoi never saw me coming with the stake. The whole thing took under a minute. Christian and I exchanged looks.Yeah. We were badasses.The elementary campus proved to be a center of activity. Strigoi and guardians were actively fighting around the entrances to one of the dorms. For a moment, I froze. There were almost twenty Strigoi and half as many guardians. So many Strigoi togetherUntil recently, wed never heard of them banding together in such large numbers. Wed thought wed disbanded a large group of them by killing Isaiah, but apparently that wasnt true. I allowed myself only a moment more of shock, and then we jumped into the fray.Emil was near a side entrance, fending off three Strigoi. He was battered and bruised, and the body of a fourth Strigoi lay at his feet. I lunged for one of the three. She didnt see me coming, and I managed to stake her with almost no resistance. I was lucky. Christian meanwhile set flames to the others. Emils face reflected surprise, but that didnt stop him from staking another of the Strigoi. I got the other.You shouldnt have brought him here, Emil said as we moved to help another guardian. Moroi arent supposed to get involved with this.Moroi should have been involved with this a long time ago, said Christian through gritted teeth.We spoke little after that. The rest was a blur. Christian and I moved from fight to fight, combining his magic and my stake. Not all of our kills were as fast and easy as our early ones had been. Some fights were long and drawn out. Emil stuck with us, and I aboveboard bewildered count of how many Strigoi we took down.I know you.The words startled me. In all this bloodshed, none of us, friend or foe, did much talking. The speaker was a Strigoi who looked to be my own age but was probably at least ten times older. He had shoulder-length blond hair and eyes whose color I couldnt make out. They were ringed in red, which was all that mattered.My only answer was to swing out with my stake, but he dodged that. Christian was setting a couple of other Strigoi on fire, so I was handling this one on my own.Theres something strange about you now, but I still remember. I saw you years ago, before I was awakened. Okay, not ten times my age, not if hed seen me when he was a Moroi. I hoped his talking would distract him. He was actually pretty fast for a young Strigoi. You were always with that Dragomir girl, the blonde. My foot hit him, and I jerked my kick b ack before he could grab me. He barely budged. Her parents wanted you to be her guardian, right? Before they were all killed?I am her guardian, I grunted. My stake swiped dangerously close to him.Shes still alive, thenThere were rumors that shed died last year There was a sense of wonder in his voice, which mixed weirdly with the malice. You have no idea what kind of reward Id get to take down the last spiritedness Drag AhhHed dodged my stake from hitting his chest again, but this time I managed an upward strike that dragged the stakes jacket across his face. It wouldnt kill him there, but the touch of a stake so filled with life would feel like acid to the undead. He screamed, but it didnt slow his defenses.Ill come back for you after I finish her, he snarled.Youll never get near her, I growled back.Something shoved into me from the side, a Strigoi that Yuri was fighting. I stumbled but managed to drive my stake through Yuris Strigois heart before he could regain his balance. Yuri gasped his thanks, and then we both turned to other separate of the battle. Only the blond Strigoi was gone. I couldnt find him anywhere. Another took his place, and as I moved toward that one, flames lit up around him, making him an easy mark for my stake. Christian had returned.Christian, this Strigoi I heard, he panted.We have to go to herHe was messing with you. Shes across campus, surrounded by novices and guardians. Shell be okay.But They need us here.I knew he was right and I knew how hard it was for him to say that. Like me, he wanted to run off to Lissa. Despite all the good work he was doing here, I suspected he would rather have sunk all his magic into protecting her, keeping her ringed in a wall of fire no Strigoi could cross. I had no time to deeply investigate the bond, but I could sense the important things She was alive, and she wasnt in pain.So I stayed on, fighting with Christian and Yuri. Lissa hovered at the back of my mind, the bond telling me she was o kay. Aside from that, I let battle lust consume me. I had one goal and one alone Kill Strigoi. I couldnt let them get into this dorm, nor could I let them leave this area and possibly go to Lissas dorm. I lost track of time. Only the Strigoi I was currently fighting at any given moment mattered. And as soon as that one was gone, it was on to the next.Until there wasnt a next one.I was sore and exhausted, epinephrine burning through my body. Christian stood beside me, panting. He hadnt engaged in physical combat like me, but hed used a lot of magic tonight, and that had taken its own physical toll. I looked around.We gotta find another one, I said.There are no others, a familiar voice said.I turned and looked into Dimitris face. He was alive. All the fear for him Id held back burst through me. I wanted to throw myself at him and hold him as close to me as possible. He was alive battered and bloody, yes but alive.His gaze held mine for just a moment, reminding me of what had happene d in the cabin. It felt like a hundred years ago, but in that brief glance, I saw love and concern and relief. Hed been worried about me too. Then Dimitri turned and gestured to the eastern sky. I followed the motion. The horizon was pink and purple. It was nearly sunrise.Theyre either dead or have run away, he told me. He glanced between Christian and me. What you two did Was stupid? I suggested.He shook his head. One of the most amazing things Ive ever seen. Half of those are yours.I looked back at the dorm, shocked at the number of bodies lying around it. We had killed Strigoi. We had killed a lot of them. Death and killing were horrible thingsbut I had liked doing what I just did. I had defeated the monsters who had come after me and those in my care.Then I noticed something. My concentrate twisted, but it was nothing like my earlier Strigoi-sensing feeling. This was caused by something entirely different. I turned back to Dimitri.There are more than just Strigoi bodies there , I said in a small voice.I know, he said. Weve lost a lot of people, in all senses of the word.Christian frowned. What do you mean?Dimitris face was both hard and sad. The Strigoi killed some Moroi and dhampirs. And somesome they carried away.